Figure 3. Top panel: NGRIP δ18O record vs. cal. ka b2k (GICC05, Wolff et al., 2010) as reference to centennial-scale climate changes in the northern hemisphere. Second panel: Prominent late-HS-1 minimum in planktic δ18O record of Core GIK23074 records meltwater breakout from Barents Shelf ice, also reflected by a distinct cooling of HS-1a (topmost panel). Third panel: Planktic reservoir ages (”MRAs”; blue) and benthic ventilation age records (red) of sediment core GIK23074 document peak glacial-to-deglacial changes in surface and bottom water oceanography in the Norwegian Sea 23 – 13 cal. ka (before 1950 AD). Benthic 14C ages are based on specimens of Cribrononion teretis only. Blue and red asterisks mark two cal. age estimates of planktic and benthic foraminifera based on paired U/Th ages of a solitary coral (Dreger, 1999, plus unpubl. written comm. 2000). Lowermost panel: Planktic reservoir ages (”MRAs”; blue) and benthic ventilation age records (red) of sediment core PD2644 document peak glacial-to-deglacial changes in surface and bottom water oceanography in the Icelandic Sea 22 – 15 cal. ka (before 1950 AD). Benthic 14C ages are based on specimens of epibenthicCibicidoides lobatulus . —- Roman numbers show time segments I to IV. Note, age scales of GIK 23074 and PS2644 records have not been aligned to the age scale of NGRIP but are independently based on atmospheric 14C plateau tuning.