Figure 4. Comparison of various proxy records from sediment core PS2644 that document peak glacial-to-deglacial changes in surface and bottom water oceanography at the northern entrance of the Denmark Strait 22 – 15 cal. ka (before 1950 AD). Age control based on 14C plateau tuning technique. Top panel shows NGRIP δ18O record of Greenland vs. cal. ka b2k (GICC05; Wolff et al., 2010) as reference to coeval changes in northern hemisphere climate plotted vs. planktic δ18O record of SST rise and meltwater dilution of NIIC waters (Voelker, 1999). Roman numbers indicate time segments I to IV. Panel 2 shows planktic reservoir ages (i.e., MRA; red broken line), prominent changes in benthic ventilation age (blue line; Sarnthein et al., 2020), and two separate populations of epibenthic δ13C values obtained from single foraminifera tests (Voelker, 1999). Panel 3 depicts epibenthic δ18O values of single foraminifera tests (Voelker, 1999), where a 0.8 shift in maximum δ18O reflects an abrupt 3.4°C rise in minimum bottom water temperature near 18.4 cal. ka. Panel 4 shows gradual rise in the radiogenic εNd portion of Nd isotopes of authigenic and detrital sediment fractions as compared to modern and mid-Holocene (”Oetzi time” ~5.7 cal. ka) values (Kutschera, 2002). Panel 5 shows variations in authigenic and detrital Pb206/Pb204 ratios. Panel 6 gives changes in bulk sedimentation rate (cm/kyr) as derived from cal. ages obtained by means of the14C plateau tuning technique (Sarnthein et al., 2020).