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Objective and subjective olfactory dysfunction among COVID-19 inpatients and controls: a prospective, case-control study
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  • Thomas Cyberski,
  • Nicoletta Zipparro,
  • Morgan Ottley,
  • Alexandra Tate,
  • David Meltzer,
  • Jayant Pinto,
  • Dara Adams
Thomas Cyberski
University of Chicago Biological Sciences Division

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Nicoletta Zipparro
The University of Chicago
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Morgan Ottley
The University of Chicago
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Alexandra Tate
The University of Chicago Medicine
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David Meltzer
The University of Chicago Medicine
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Jayant Pinto
University of Chicago Department of Surgery
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Dara Adams
Massachusetts Eye and Ear
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Abstract

Introduction: Olfactory dysfunction associated with COVID-19 infection is frequently described, but few studies utilize validated, objective tests or a control group. We compared rates of olfactory dysfunction between adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and controls admitted with similar upper respiratory symptoms who were COVID-19-negative. Methods: Hospitalized (general ward) adults with upper respiratory symptoms who tested PCR positive or negative for SARS-CoV-2 completed the objective Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT; ≥9 correct=normal) and subjective assessments while hospitalized and again at 3 month follow up. Comparison of groups was performed by t test or chi-square test of independence. Results: There were no differences in mean age or gender between groups (n=26 COVID, n=28 control). Both groups demonstrated objective olfactory dysfunction (mean BSIT 7.9 ± 2.8 COVID vs. 8.3 ± 3.2 control, p=0.62). Rates of both objective and subjective dysfunction did not significantly differ between groups. Follow up data at 3 months was limited (n=6 COVID, n=5), but showed 50% olfactory dysfunction in COVID patients compared to 20% in controls. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 and other viral illnesses serious enough to cause hospitalization cause olfactory dysfunction. Better understanding of the trajectory of chemosensory recovery will help elucidate the pathophysiology of viral-associated olfactory dysfunction and inform the care of patients suffering from its sequelae.