Objective To explore the differences in auditory speech effects and quality of family life of pre-lingual deaf children with different hearing aid models within one year afrer postoperative, and analyze the relationship between them. Design A prospective cohort study Setting and Participants Fifty-eight cases of children with prelingual deafness who underwent cochlear implantion at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from March to July 2020 were selected. Main Outcome Measures According to the hearing aid mode, Children with prelingual deafness were divided into 21 cases in the unilateral cochlear implant group (CI), 8 cases in the bimodal group (CI+HA), and 29 cases in the bilateral cochlear implant group (BCI). The speech,spatial and qualities of hearing scale-parent’s version(SSQ-P) and children using hearing implants quality of life (CuHI QoL) were used to measure auditory speech ability and family quality of life in three groups. Results At one year postoperatively, the speech perception, spatial hearing, hearing sound quality and SSQ-P scores of the BCI group were significantly higher than those of the CI+HA group, and the CI+HA group was superior to the CI group. Especially in spatial hearing and hearing sound quality, the BCI group was more advantageous than the other two groups (P<0.05). At 6 months postoperatively, the BCI group had the highest quality of family life scores. while at 1 year postoperatively, there was no differences in quality of family life between the three groups (P>0.05). Overall, their quality of family life and SSQ-P scores showed a gradual increase with the postoperative time. Auditory speech effects were positively correlated with quality of family life (r=0.312, P<0.01). Conclusions BCI can effectively improve children’s spatial hearing and hearing quality. The better the postoperative auditory speech effects, the higher the quality of family life.