- Environmental, Energy, thermal comfort aspects: learning from the past experiences and Ottoman historic building in different regions
In Algeria: Kacher uses the computing tool for conceptual modelling called E-A to define and identify the architectural and spatial concepts linked to the environment. The research focuses on the roof part of the house and its function. The analysis aims at helping designers to be inspired from these houses organization to design new projects. Twenty case studies have been studied from heritage houses in Algeria in different climate zones. Five case studies are presented in this article and they are located in North Algeria. They are; house situated in Cherchel, house of the Algiers Kasbah (small Ottoman palace), house situated in Hussein Dey area (small Ottoman palace), house of Constantine, and Kabyle house. The period of these houses varies from the sixteenth century to the eighteenth century. The result identified about 20 concepts linked to the environment \citep{Sabrina_2013}
- Environmental, Energy, thermal comfort aspects: learning from historical buildings and Ottoman historic buildings in Cairo, Egypt
Mohamed & Ali discuss design patterns and various components (such as sitting area, reception hall, etc.) of the historic residential buildings (Cairene houses) in old Cairo from Ottoman period from a green architecture point of view. The discussion depends on the principle of green architecture and it includes 1) solar heat energy, 2) solar light energy, 3) wind energy, 4) construction materials, and 5) sound insulation. The result of this article indicates two points; first, the construction materials were carefully selected. Second, using light-colored materials with high thermal insulation properties decrease temperature. The aim of this article is to define the best building techniques and elements of design that were used in these building to respect the environmental conditions \cite{mohamedtraditional}. The case studies are: Al Syhumi, Al Kritdlia,Zynab Khaton.
Saleh discusses the concept of green architecture based on analyzing the historic residential buildings in old Cairo. Two different groups of historic residential buildings are selected; First group includes three Ottoman residential buildings, and the second group consists of three traditional houses from 19th century. Design builder software is used as a tool to simulate the thermal comfort in several spaces. In the first group the reception hall is selected for simulation purpose. In the second group the living area is targeted. The simulation result indicates that the thermal comfort in the first group is better than the thermal comfort in the second group. Thesis of Saleh aims at giving attention to these historic residential buildings as well as inspiring solution from them to the new architectural trends in Egypt. This new trend in residential building designing targets obtaining new green buildings with respect the local identity and style mate zones \citep{Hanan2013Green}. The case studies are: Al Syhumi, Al Kritdlia, Gamal El Dine El Dahabi, Sukkar house, El sit Awatef, Abo Al Hassan. \citep{Saleh_2017} present the same aspect and result. However, the article focuses on Bet Al Suhymai as a case study.
Shalkany compares between three residential buildings in terms of heat loss, gain for thermal comfort purpose. These buildings are; Shubshiri house (17th century); Zaafarana palace (1864); and Prince Yusuf Kamal Palace (1908). Author uses Ecotect software for analysing indoor air temperature during 15th of June and 15th of January. She considers these two days as the most hottest day and the most coldest day during the year The result mentions, that the minimum indoor air temperature in these buildings are; Zaafarana palace is 29.8 ºC, Prince Yusuf Kamal Palace is 29.6 ºC, and Shubshiri house is 20.7 ºC. Author interprets this result by analysing mainly the urban fabric context. For example, Shubshiri house is located in old Cairo area where the urban fabric is very dense. So, the external walls of Shubshiri house are not exposed to the direct solar radiation. In contrary, the other two places are directly exposed to direct solar radiation because they are located in vast urban fabric. The research aims at emphasizing the values of historic residential buildings in old Cairo area \citep{Shalkany2014environmental}.
RESEARCHES THAT DEAL WITH THE OTTOMAN HOUSES KNOWLEDGE (HERITAGE, SOCIETY, CONSERVATION PRACTICES)
Table E in figure (17) shows the researches that described and discussed Ottoman houses in Cairo from social point of view. Also, it shows examples of the conservation practices.