The Ottoman period in Cairo is remarked by several residential buildings. These buildings have clearly reflected the environmental requirements for hot arid regions. These historic residential  buildings represent accumulative experience in housing design of  the previous periods. In addition, these experiences were extended in the residential  buildings design of middle class during 19th century.
\citep{Hanan2013Green}\citep{Mohamed2014traditional}\citep{Saleh_2017} and others have presented  solutions for reducing energy consumption and improving thermal comfort in the  new residential buildings. These solutions are inspired by historic residential  buildings in Cairo, specially those that belong to Ottoman period. The researchers analysed  mainly four buildings as examples in that period, but other several buildings  have not been discussed such as Ali Afandi Labib house from 18th  century.
Although, these historic residential buildings are subjected to restore and reuse by the Ministry of Antiquities and the Ministry of Culture in Egypt. Yet, there are no researches have discussed the thermal comfort in these historical residential buildings during the conservation practices. Especially that those buildings were built for housing purpose but they are used for other purposes. Ali Afandi Labib house from 18th century is an example about this problem.
Other residential buildings of Ottoman period are located in different regions with different climate zones such as Greece. Fortunately during restoration work in these residential buildings in Greece, the energy efficiency and thermal comfort issues have been considered \citep{Atsonios2013large} as well as several historical buildings in Mediterranean region that have been analysed with respect to the same concept. Figure (14) represents the number of published papers in each country to analyse the energy efficiency in the historical buildings. This figure, also, indicates the lack of that kind of researches in hot climate zones such as Libya and Morocco \citep{martinez2016energy}.