Meanwhile, from the other side of the Gobi desert, China is facing Subarctic climate as well. Chinese people had more stable cities thus their dwelling are more complicated and better optimized. Over time, they constructed quadrangular brick courtyards and used special techniques in order to combat the cold climate: their usual method of construction was to build south facing low-rise houses, with spacious courtyards to obtain sufficient solar access throughout the structure; and the houses were commonly insulated by using 500 mm thick mud walls and two layer of windows. They used rice strach to seal window frame edges and other joints in order to make the building air-tight. Another unique feature is the “Kang” arrangement, which has been used for heating homes in Northern China for more than 2500 years. A kang system consists of a stove, a kang (bed), channels and a chimney. It utilizes the residual heat of smoke from an adjacent cooking stove, which burns biomass and uses the bed to release heat to the bedroom and finally the smoke is exhaled via the chimney. It allows four different home functions of cooking, sleeping, domestic heating and ventilation. The ventilation is integrated into one system and moreover, it harnesses biomass burning for both cooking and space heating and thus reduces the use of commercial energy. \cite{Sun_2013}