Twelve par
Procedure 1: ECG Recording (heart rate variability) -
The volunteer is instructed to sit in a relaxed position and is faced away from the monitor. All jewelry is removed and the test subject is abraded with abrasive gel followed by alcohol swab on areas of electrode placement. A negative electrode is placed over the right wrist, the positive electrode over the left wrist, and the earth electrode is placed over the right leg on the front of the ankle. The bio-amp cable and three lead shielded wires were used to connect the electrodes to the computer. The volunteer should be instructed to relax for a minute while not listening to music. Their ECG trace will be recorded. When the volunteer returns four days later for the second half of the experiment they will again be instructed to relax, but instead will be allowed to listen to their music of choice for a minute before recording and then for the minute of recording. The particular phenomenon of interest for this recording would be heart rate variability. Heart rate variability is defined as the time interval between beats.
Procedure 2: Goniometer -
The volunteer is instructed to sit in a relaxed position as goniometer is placed correctly. To ensure proper placement, the subject should be wearing thin clothing or arm should be bare. The goniometer should be attached so that it is centered on the elbow joint and straps are adjusted so that it is comfortably snug and arm should be able to easily swing back/forth in a supine position. In this exercise, the volunteer is asked to perform a bicep curl. Prior to data collection, a baseline angle should be obtained by having the subject complete a full bicep contraction. The researcher will time the individual (in seconds) under exposure to music/no music to see how long the subject can sustain the position of maximum bicep curl contraction. The subject will be timed until there is a 20-degree difference in forearm/arm angle orientation while using a 5-10 pound dumbbell to offer resistance. Data from both experiment groups and control group will be averaged together, and a statistical difference would be determined with a one-way ANOVA.
Procedure 3: Hand Dynamometer -
Volunteer picks up and loosely grips hand dynamometer in a fist of the dominant hand. The subject is exposed to the music of their choice prior to beginning the exercise and is instructed to grip dynamometer for as long as they can to develop a baseline for data collection. (If a volunteer is not instructed to listen to music prior to running experiment, then they will simply perform the trial accordingly). First, the subject is asked to grip dynamometer with their dominant hand. After data collection has started, the subject is asked to grip dynamometer with maximum force for two seconds to develop a baseline of what is 100% effort. The subject is then asked to grip dynamometer with 100% effort for as long as possible while facing away from the monitor. Subjects that are listening to self-selected music for this trial will be listening to music for this period. The maximum force of grip strength, as well as the duration of maximum, will be averaged between the control and experimental groups. Data can be represented graphically with a grouped bar graph, and the means of the data can be analyzed using a one-way ANOVA.
Procedure 4: EMG -
The volunteer should sit in a relaxed position with their elbow resting on a table. Make sure the volunteer is not wearing any jewelry on their harms and hands. Two small dots should be marked on the volunteer's bicep muscles and triceps muscle two to three centimeters apart from each other. These spots should be abraded with gel or an alcohol pad to remove any dead skin cells before the electrodes are attached. Two electrodes should be placed on the bicep with the positive wire being placed below the negative wire. The same thing should be done with the triceps. The earth wire should be connected to the dry earth strap and placed around the wrist. The five lead shielded bio amp cable and the shielded lead wires should be used for this.
Now the volunteer should face away from the monitor and be instructed to hold a bucket filled with water. The starting amount of water should be 1/2 of a gallon, weighing 4 pounds. After 30 seconds of holding the bucket more water will be added, doubling the weight of the bucket. Again after another 30 seconds of holding the bucket more water will be added, tripling the initial amount of water in the bucket. Data should be recorded throughout the whole time. When the volunteer returns again they will be instructed to listen to the songs of their choosing and the same process of adding water to the bucket over increments of time can be repeated. Again data should be recorded to be analyzed later. Data will be average between the control group and the experimental groups, and the averages can represented graphically by a grouped bar graph with a standard deviation shown. The statistical difference between groups will be calculated using a one-way ANOVA
Protocol
Statistical analysis
Results
Effects of music on Amplitude of Hand Grip Strength (Hand dynamometer)
Effects of music on Heart Rate (ECG)
Effects of music on Angle Sustenance under Weighted Bicep Curl (Goniometer)
Effects of music on Amplitude of Muscle Contraction (EMG)