GFP, presented by figure 1A, is a 238 amino acid protein that adapts a
beta barrel fold. This particular structure, containing a chromophore is
responsible for its fluorescent properties and if the fold is altered
the fluorescence is lost. Given the usefulness of GFP in various aspects
of molecular biology, a number of different protocols for its expression
and purification have been designed. It is a relatively easy and stable
protein to purify, hence being treated as a way of learning techniques
and methods used in modern protein cloning and obtaining recombinant
proteins. GFP chosen for the following experiment has a monomeric
structure and possesses one mutation. E.Coli is an organism
chosen for the expression of the recombinant GFP. This bacteria is one
of the most common choices for the recombinant proteins production since
it has very high and effective growth kinetics, doubling its amount in
just 20 minutes. The bacteria’s optimal growth is at 37 degrees Celsius
in glucose and salt media, which is relatively cheap and easy to
provide, making the E.Coli the appropriate organism suitable for
the experiment.
Due to the use of polyhistidine-tags (His tags), the GFPs affinity for
divalent metal ions, such as Ni2+ increases greatly
which enables the efficient and effective use of Immobilized Metal
Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) which is a convenient method of
purification but cannot be implemented without the use of his tags.