Mycoparasitic hyperparasites can also be classified based on the part of
the host that is infected. For example, many species appear to attack
only sclerotia (e.g., Tyrannicordyceps fratricida; Kepler et al., 2012), spores (Olpidium uredinis; Berndt, 2013),
or entire sporocarps (e.g., Polycephalomyces spp.; Kepler et al ., 2013).
Fungi categorized as hyperparasites include many mycoparasites, but as
mentioned above, other fungi have non-fungal parasites as hosts. These
include many animals such as insects and nematodes that are further
discussed below. It is likely that there are important physiological and
chemical differences among hyperparasites whose hosts belong to
different kingdoms of life, and this is yet another way that
hyperparasites can be categorized.