Descriptors of floral plantings and landscape context
Flower strips are here defined as strips or other areas of planted wild native and/or non-native flowering herbaceous plants. Hedgerows are defined as areas of linear shape planted with native and/or non-native at least partly flowering woody plants and typically also herbaceous flowering plants. For hedgerows, information about the exact time since establishment and number of plant species was not available for most studies. The analyses of these drivers (question 3) therefore focus on flower strip effects on pollination and pest control service provisioning. Information on plant species richness was available in 12 out of 18 pest control studies and 10 out of 17 pollination studies. Whenever available, the species richness of flowering plants was used. Otherwise, for some flower strip studies, the number of sown, potentially flowering plant species (excluding grasses) was used. Time since establishment of flower strips, i.e., the time span between seeding or planting and data sampling, was available for all studies ranging from 3 to 122 months.
The proportional cover of arable crops was available and analysed as a proxy for landscape simplification (e.g., Tscharntke et al. 2005; Dainese et al. 2019) in 11 pest control and 12 pollination studies. Proportional cover of arable crops was calculated in circular sectors of 1 km radius around focal crops, or 750 m or 500 m radius (two studies for which data on a 1 km radius were not available; see Table S1; results remained qualitatively identical when only considering the 1 km radius datasets).