Population Bottleneck for P. falciparum but not P.
vivax post-LLIN
Bottleneck analysis was performed using a two-phase mutational model
(TPM) and testing for heterozygosity excess with a 2-tailed Wilcoxon
sign rank test (see Materials and Methods). Significant heterozygosity
excess was observed for P. falciparum in ESPII 2005 (but not in
ESPI 2005), MAD 2006 and 2010 populations (p=0.020, p=0.049 and p=
0.010, respectively). However, for P. vivax s ignificant
heterozygosity excess was only observed in a single pre-LLIN population,
Wosera 2005 (p=0.042, these samples were collected in the relatively dry
season) and not in any of the other P. vivax populations. Despite
finding significant heterozygosity excess, a mode-shifted distribution
of allele frequencies (as is frequently observed in bottlenecked
populations) was not observed in any of the time points and provinces.