References
1. Anderson GP. Endotyping asthma: new insights into key pathogenic mechanisms in a complex, heterogeneous disease. The Lancet, vol. 372, no. 9643, pp. 1107–1119, 2008.
2. Harizi H, Corcuff JB, Gualde N. Arachidonic-acid-derived eicosanoids: roles in biology and immunopathology. Trends Mol Med. 2008;14:461-9.
3. Dennis EA, Norris PC. Eicosanoid storm in infection and inflammation Nat Rev Immunol. 2015; 15: 511–523.
4. Merched AJ, Ko K, Gotlinger KH, Serhan CN, Chan L: Atherosclerosis: evidence for impairment of resolution of vascular inflammation governed by specific lipid mediators. FASEB J 2008, 22:3595-3606.
5. Takata S, Matsubara M, Allen PG, Janmey PA, Serhan CN, Brady HR: Remodeling of neutrophil phospholipids with 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid inhibits leukotriene B4-induced neutrophil migration across endothelium. J Clin Invest 1994, 93:499-508.
6. Serhan CN, Chiang N, Van Dyke TE. Resolving inflammation: dual anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution lipid mediators. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8:349-61.
7. Dogné JM, de Leval X, Benoit P, Rolin S, Pirotte B, Masereel B. Therapeutic potential of thromboxane inhibitors in asthma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2002;11:275-81.
8. Li H, Edin ML, Gruzdev A, Cheng J, Bradbury JA, Graves JP, DeGraff LM, Zeldin DC. Regulation of T helper cell subsets by cyclooxygenases and their metabolites. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2013;104-105:74-83.
9. Mastalerz L, Sanak M, Kumik J, Gawlewicz-Mroczka A, Celejewska-W´ojcik N, C´miel A, Szczeklik A. Exhaled eicosanoids following bronchial aspirin challenge in asthma patients with and without aspirin hypersensitivity: The pilot study. J Allergy, 2012, Article ID 696792.
10. Carraro S, Corradi M, Zanconato S, Alinovi R, Pasquale MF, Zacchello F, Baraldi E. Exhaled breath condensate cysteinyl leukotrienes are increased in children with exercise-induced, bronchoconstriction. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;115:764–770.
11. Chen LC, Tseng HM, Kuo ML, Chiu CY, Liao SL, Su KW, Tsai MH, Hua MC, Lai SH, Yao TC, Yeh KW, Wu AH, Huang JL, Huang SK. A composite of exhaled LTB4, LXA4, FeNO and FEV1 as an “asthma classification ratio” characterizes childhood asthma. Allergy. 2018;73:627-634.
12. Bacharier LB, Boner A, Carlsen KH, Eigenmann PA, Frischer T, Gotz M, Helms PJ, Hunt J, Liu A, Papadopoulos N, Platts-Mills T, Pohunek P, Simons FE, Valovirta E, Wahn U, Wildhaber J. European Pediatric Asthma Group: Diagnosis and treatment of asthma in childhood: a PRACTALL consensus report. Allergy 2008;63:5-34.
13. Joint Statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS). ATS/ERS recommendations for standardized procedures for the online and offline measurement of exhaled lower respiratory nitric oxide and nasal nitric oxide, 2005. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;171:912–930.
14. Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, Crapo R, Enright P, van der Grinten CP, Gustafsson P, Jensen R, Johnson DC, MacIntyre N, McKay R, Navajas D, Pedersen OF, Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Wanger J. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J 2005;26:319–338.
15. Kowal1 K, Zukowski1 S, Kowal-Bielecka O, Bodzenta-Lukaszyk A, DuBuske LM. Concentrations of 15-HETE and PGE2 in Exhaled Breath Condensates of Asthma Patients J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL FEBRUARY 2008.
16. Venkatnarayan Kavitha, Anant Mohan, Karan Madan, Vijay Hadda, GC Khilnani, and Randeep Guleria Fractional exhaled nitric oxide is a useful adjunctive modality for monitoring bronchial asthma Lung India. 2017; 34(2): 132–137.
17. Marek Sanak Eicosanoid Mediators in the Airway Inflammation of Asthmatic Patients: What is New? Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016; 8(6): 481–490.
18. Song YS, Kim MS, Lee DH, Oh DK, Yoon DY. 15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Inhibits Phorbol-12-Myristate-13- Acetate-Induced MUC5AC Expression in NCI-H292 Respiratory Epithelial Cells J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2015;25:589–597.
19. Liu, C.; Xu, D.; Liu, L.; Schain, F.; Brunnstrom, A.; Bjorkholm, M.; Claesson, H.E.; Sjoberg, J. 15-lipoxygenase-1 induces expression and release of chemokines in cultured human lung epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol., 2009, 297(1), L196-203.
20. Chu H, Balzar S, Westcott JY, Trudeau JB, Sun Y, Conrad DJ, Wenzel SE. Expression and activation of 15- lipoxygenase pathway in severe asthma: relationship to eosinophilic phenotype and collagen deposition. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 2002, 32(11), 1558-1565.
21. Mabalirajan U, Agrawal A, Ghosh B. 2012. 15-Lipoxygenase eicosanoids are the putative ligands for vanilloid receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109: E1; author reply E2
22. Chen GG, Xu H, Lee JF, et al. 15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid arrests growth of colorectal cancer cells via a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent pathway. Int J Cancer 2003;107:837e43.
23. Spears M, Donnelly I, Jolly L, Brannigan M, Ito K, McSharry C, Lafferty J, Chaudhuri R, Braganza G, Bareille P, Sweeney L, Adcock IM, Barnes PJ, Wood S, Thomson NC. Bronchodilatory effect of the PPAR-gamma agonist rosiglitazone in smokers with asthma. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 2009, 86(1), 49-53.
24. Takata S, Matsubara M, Allen PG, Janmey PA, Serhan CN, Brady HR: Remodeling of neutrophil phospholipids with 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid inhibits leukotriene B4-induced neutrophil migration across endothelium. J Clin Invest 1994, 93:499-508.
25. Mondino C, Ciabattoni G, Koch P et al. Effects of inhaled corticosteroids on exhaled leukotrienes and prostanoids in asthmatic children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 114:761–7.
26. Huszar E, Szabo Z, Jakab A, Barta I, Herjavecz I, Horvath I. Comparative measurement of thromboxane A2 metabolites in exhaled breath condensate by different immunoassays. Inflamm Res 2005; 54:350–5.
27. Ma N, Shang W, Qin J. The clinical significance of measurement of TXB2 and 6-K-PGF1α of plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis. Labeled Immunoassays and Clinical Medicine 2002; 9;202-204.
28. Dworski R, Fitzgerald GA, Oates JA, Sheller JR. Effect of oral prednisone on airway inflammatory mediators in atopic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;149:953-9.
29. Dogné JM, de Leval X, Benoit P, Delarge J, Masereel B. Thromboxane A2 inhibition: therapeutic potential in bronchial asthma. Am J Respir Med. 2002;1(1):11-7.
30. Takaku Y, Kurashima K, Kobayashi T, Nakagome K, Nagata M. Eicosanoids in exhaled breath condensate of airway inflammation in patients with asthma. Allergol Int. 2016 pii: S1323-8930;30062-4.
Table 1. Demographics of study subjects.