Acer spicatum |
inflorescence |
2.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
9.42 |
1649 |
(Sullivan 1983) |
Achillea millefolium |
inflorescence |
6.0 |
6.0 |
3.4 |
96.1 |
1442 |
Measured; https://nature.ca/aaflora;
http://www.efloras.org |
Actaea pachypoda |
inflorescence |
2.0 |
2.0 |
5.0 |
15.7 |
298 |
(Pellmyr 1985); http://plants.jstor.org;
http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info |
Agrimonia gryposepala |
flower |
5.0 |
5.0 |
5.0 |
98.2 |
|
http://plants.jstor.org |
Anthemis arvensis |
capitulum |
6.2 |
6.2 |
6.4 |
226 |
|
Measured |
Asclepias syriaca |
inflorescence |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
6.28 |
126 |
Measured |
Asparagus officinalis |
flower |
1.2 |
1.2 |
4.8 |
6.13 |
|
Measured |
Barbarea vulgaris |
inflorescence |
1.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
1.57 |
12.6 |
Measured; http://www.discoverlife.org |
Capsella bursa-pastoris |
inflorescence |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
6.28 |
37.7 |
(Nave et al. 2016); http://www.efloras.org;
http://www.discoverlife.org |
Cardamine bulbosa |
flower |
1.8 |
1.8 |
1.0 |
2.98 |
|
Measured |
Cardamine diphylla |
flower |
2.0 |
2.8 |
7.0 |
29.5 |
|
Measured |
Centaurea sp.
|
capitulum |
8.0 |
8.0 |
22.0 |
1143 |
|
Measured |
Cerastium fontanum |
flower |
1.0 |
1.0 |
3.6 |
2.83 |
|
Measured |
Chelidonium sp. |
flower |
5.0 |
5.0 |
8.0 |
157 |
|
(Kang et al.
1991); http://plants.jstor.org |
Cichorium intybus |
capitulum |
4.6 |
4.6 |
9.4 |
161 |
|
Measured |
Citrullus lanatus |
flower |
5.0 |
5.0 |
5.2 |
102 |
|
Measured |
Coptis trifolia |
flower |
7.6 |
7.6 |
4.2 |
197 |
|
Measured |
Cornus canadensis |
flower |
7.8 |
7.8 |
4.0 |
193 |
|
Measured |
Cornus sericea |
inflorescence |
1.0 |
1.0 |
5.4 |
4.24 |
106 |
Measured; http://www.discoverlife.org |
Cucumis melo |
flower |
7.5 |
7.5 |
4.5 |
199 |
|
http://www.efloras.org |
Cucumis sativus |
flower |
2.0 |
2.0 |
6.2 |
19.5 |
|
Measured |
Cucurbita pepo (female zucchini) |
flower |
10.2 |
10.2 |
16.6 |
1353 |
|
Measured |
Cucurbita pepo (male zucchini) |
flower |
8.4 |
8.4 |
16.0 |
934 |
|
Measured |
Cucurbita pepo (zucchini) |
flower |
9.3 |
9.3 |
16.3 |
1107 |
|
Measured |
Cucurbita sp. (female squash) |
flower |
13.8 |
13.8 |
19.8 |
3091 |
|
Measured |
Cucurbita sp. (male squash)
|
flower |
10.4 |
8.4 |
15.8 |
1127 |
|
Measured |
Cucurbita sp. (squash)
|
flower |
12.1 |
11.1 |
17.8 |
1878 |
|
Measured |
Cucurbita spp.
|
flower |
10.7 |
10.2 |
17.1 |
1461 |
|
Measured |
Cucurbita spp. (female) |
flower |
12.0 |
12.0 |
18.2 |
2058 |
|
Measured |
Cucurbita spp. (male)
|
flower |
9.4 |
8.4 |
15.9 |
986 |
|
Measured |
Daucus carota |
inflorescence |
2.0 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
3.14 |
358 |
Measured; (Sivinski et al. 2011) |
Echium vulgare |
flower |
2.4 |
3.8 |
9.2 |
65.5 |
|
Measured |
Erigeron canadensis |
inflorescence |
1.0 |
1.0 |
3.0 |
2.36 |
1275 |
Measured |
Erigeron philadelphicus |
capitulum |
7.6 |
7.6 |
3.4 |
157 |
|
Measured |
Erigeron sp.
|
capitulum |
3.55 |
3.55 |
12.6 |
52.5 |
|
Measured |
Erysimum cheiranthoides |
inflorescence |
1.0 |
1.0 |
3.0 |
2.36 |
18.8 |
(Idris and Grafius 1995);
http://www.discoverlife.org |
Erythronium americanum |
flower |
3.0 |
3.0 |
11.0 |
77.8 |
|
Measured |
Euthamia graminifolia |
inflorescence |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.79 |
20.4 |
(Harder 1985); http://plants.jstor.org |
Fagopyrum esculentum |
inflorescence |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
6.28 |
980 |
(Cawoy et al. 2006, 2009) |
Fragaria × ananassa
|
flower |
7.8 |
7.8 |
6.2 |
304 |
|
Measured |
Fragaria virginiana |
flower |
3.0 |
3.0 |
2.4 |
26.4 |
|
Measured |
Galinsoga quadriradiata |
capitulum |
2.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
0.01 |
|
(Warwick and Sweet 1983) |
Galium mollugo |
inflorescence |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.79 |
14.1 |
https://weedecology.css.cornell.edu;
http://www.discoverlife.org |
Galium palustre |
inflorescence |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.79 |
5.50 |
https://weedecology.css.cornell.edu;
http://www.luontoportti.com |
Geum aleppicum |
flower |
6.0 |
6.0 |
8.0 |
226 |
|
http://symbiota.math.wisc.edu |
Glechoma hederacea |
flower |
1.0 |
1.0 |
9.8 |
7.70 |
|
Measured |
Helianthus annuus |
capitulum |
35.4 |
35.4 |
20.7 |
27435 |
|
Measured |
Hieracium caespitosum |
capitulum |
7.4 |
7.4 |
3.4 |
153 |
|
Measured |
Hieracium pilosella |
capitulum |
10.4 |
10.4 |
6.4 |
538 |
|
Measured |
Lactuca sp.
|
capitulum |
2.0 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
9.42 |
|
http://www.naturemanitoba.ca |
Leucanthemum vulgare |
capitulum |
10.5 |
10.5 |
3.5 |
311 |
|
Measured |
Linaria vulgaris |
flower |
2.4 |
1.0 |
20.6 |
39.1 |
|
Measured |
Lotus corniculatus |
flower |
4.73 |
4.73 |
12.0 |
211 |
|
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora |
Maianthemum canadense |
inflorescence |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.79 |
14.9 |
http://plants.jstor.org |
Malus pumila |
flower |
9.2 |
9.4 |
9.8 |
674 |
|
Measured |
Malva neglecta |
flower |
1.9 |
1.9 |
4.25 |
12.0 |
|
(Nave et
al. 2016) |
Medicago lupulina |
inflorescence |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.79 |
11.8 |
Measured; http://www.efloras.org |
Medicago sativa |
inflorescence |
1.0 |
1.0 |
5.0 |
3.93 |
68.7 |
Measured; (Winkler et al. 2009);
http://www.efloras.org |
Mitella diphylla |
flower |
1.0 |
1.0 |
3.0 |
2.36 |
|
Measured |
Oenothera biennis |
flower |
1.0 |
1.0 |
6.4 |
5.03 |
|
Measured |
Oxalis stricta |
flower |
1.0 |
1.0 |
3.5 |
2.75 |
|
Measured |
Phaseolus vulgaris |
flower |
2.8 |
2.8 |
7.6 |
48.2 |
|
Measured |
Physalis heterophylla |
flower |
2.8 |
2.8 |
9.0 |
58.1 |
|
Measured |
Plantago lanceolata |
inflorescence |
1.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
6.28 |
452 |
(Cavers et al. 1980, Van Damme 1984) |
Potentilla argentea |
flower |
2.4 |
2.4 |
1.2 |
6.13 |
|
Measured |
Prunella vulgaris |
flower |
1.2 |
1.6 |
7.0 |
11.2 |
|
Measured |
Ranunculus acris |
flower |
5.8 |
5.8 |
2.8 |
80.9 |
|
Measured |
Ranunculus recurvatus |
flower |
1.6 |
1.6 |
2.6 |
6.28 |
|
Measured |
Rubus allegheniensis |
flower |
11.6 |
11.6 |
4.6 |
489 |
|
Measured |
Rubus sp. (raspberry)
|
flower |
6.4 |
6.4 |
6.0 |
202 |
|
Measured |
Rudbeckia hirta |
capitulum |
15.0 |
15.0 |
3.6 |
636 |
|
http://www.efloras.org |
Silene vulgaris |
flower |
3.2 |
3.2 |
15.6 |
133 |
|
Measured |
Sisyrinchium montanum |
flower |
1.0 |
1.0 |
4.5 |
3.53 |
|
Measured |
Solanum tuberosum |
flower |
2.8 |
2.8 |
9.0 |
57.3 |
|
Measured |
Solidago canadensis |
inflorescence |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.79 |
26.7 |
Measured; (Harder 1985) |
Solidago sp.
|
inflorescence |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.79 |
26.7 |
Measured; (Harder 1985) |
Sonchus arvensis |
capitulum |
10.5 |
10.5 |
22 |
1905 |
|
(Lemna
and Messersmith 1990) |
Symphotrichum lanceolatum |
capitulum |
4.0 |
4.0 |
6.0 |
75.4 |
|
(Chmielewski and Semple 2001) |
Taraxacum agg.
|
capitulum |
19.6 |
19.6 |
8.4 |
3050 |
|
Measured |
Trifolium aureum |
inflorescence |
1.0 |
1.0 |
7.0 |
5.50 |
179 |
http://www.efloras.org |
Trifolium pratense |
inflorescence |
1.0 |
1.0 |
11.0 |
8.64 |
432 |
(Winkler et al. 2009); http://www.efloras.org |
Trifolium repens |
inflorescence |
1.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
1.57 |
55.0 |
(Nave et al. 2016); http://www.efloras.org |
Trillium erectum |
flower |
8.0 |
8.0 |
9.0 |
452 |
|
http://www.efloras.org |
Trillium grandiflorum |
flower |
5.4 |
5.6 |
11.0 |
292 |
|
Measured |
Verbena hastata |
inflorescence |
1.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
1.57 |
8.80 |
Measured |
Veronica serpyllifolia |
flower |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.13 |
0.88 |
|
Measured |
Veronica sp.
|
flower |
1.04 |
1.04 |
1.04 |
0.88 |
|
Measured |
Vicia cracca |
inflorescence |
3.0 |
3.0 |
6.2 |
43.8 |
1972 |
Measured; http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas |
Viola pubescens |
flower |
1.0 |
1.0 |
4.5 |
3.53 |
|
Measured |