Statistical analysis
Categorical variables are expressed as numbers and proportions and were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Continuous variables are shown as mean and standard deviation or median with interquartile range and were compared using a Student t-test or a Mann-Whitney U test. Lead parameters before and after AF ablation were compared using a paired t-test or a Wilcoxon signed-rank test, as appropriate. We performed 1:1 propensity score-matching analysis based on age, sex, and AF type to compare the results of SVCI and procedural characteristics in the CIED group with those in the non-CIED group. Two-sided P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, and JMP pro13® software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) was used.

Results