Methods
With the key words of lumbar puncture, spinal tap, and CSF examination, we searched google scholar, Embase, PubMed, Medline and Cochrane library for relevant articles, case reports, case series, consensus guidelines, expert opinions, meta- analysis, and systematic reviews. Search terms included combinations of the Medical Subject Headings “spinal puncture”, “meningitis”, “cerebrospinal fluid”, “injections, spinal”, “Trends”, “Check List”, “Outpatient”,” Complication”, “Meningeal Enhancement Post LP”, “CT prior to LP”, “Difficult LP” and “biomarkers/ cerebrospinal fluid”. Articles published between January 1990 to May 2020in English were considered and were categorised into case reports, case series, meta-analysis, systematic review.