Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Union hospital Wuhan, China. The informed consents of the participants were acquired.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Funding

This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO.81873529) to W.W.
Acknowledgements The authors deeply thank all colleagues working in Union Hospital for supporting and collecting the valuable COVID-19 patients’ data.

Author contribution

C.C.: contributed to guarantor, literature search, manuscript editing, manuscript preparation, interpretation of data, and study design. Y.G.: contributed to design, interpretation of data, literature search, manuscript preparation. Y.Y.: contributed to manuscript preparation, interpretation of data, and manuscript review. F.C.: contributed to manuscript preparation. M.X.: contributed to interpretation of data, and manuscript review. Y.L.: contributed to study design and manuscript review. W.W.: contributed to guarantor, literature search, manuscript review, manuscript editing, manuscript preparation, interpretation of data, and study design. All authors read and approved the final version to be published.