3. RESULTS
A total of 476 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included. The median age of the patients was 39.0 (33.0-50.0) years. Of the patients, 65.3% (n = 311) were male and 34.7% (n = 165) were female. There were 391 (82.1%) patients with microscopic hematuria and 85 (17.9%) without microscopic hematuria. Approximately half (55.3%) of the ureteral stones were localized in the distal part. The median stone size was 4.1 mm (3.0-6.0 mm) in the presence of microscopic hematuria and 5.5 mm (4.0-8.5 mm) in the absence of microscopic hematuria. A statistically significant difference was observed between these two groups in terms of stone size (p < 0.001) (Table 1). There was also a statistically significant correlation between the degree of hydronephrosis and the absence of microscopic hematuria (p = 0.042). Microscopic hematuria was present in 84.1% (n = 292) of the patients with normal and mild hydronephrosis and 76.7% (n = 99) of those with moderate and severe hydronephrosis (Table 2). The relationship between the size of the stone in the ureter and the severity of hydronephrosis is shown in Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between hydronephrosis and possible clinical variables. The multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted between age, stone size, pyuria, and absence of microscopic hematuria, which were determined to be statistically significant variables in the univariate analysis (Table 3). According to the results, stone size [odds ratio (OR): 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-4.16, p < 0.001), presence of pyuria (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.78-3.48, p < 0.001), and absence of microscopic hematuria (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.04-2.89, p = 0.017) were correlated with moderate and severe hydronephrosis.