REFERENCES
- Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. A pneumonia
outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin.
Nature. 2020;579(7798): 270-73.
- Guo YR, Cao QD, Hong ZS, Tan YY, Chen SD, Jin HJ, et al. The origin,
transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status. Mil Med Res.
2020;7(1):11.
- Zhao W, Zhong Z, Xie X, Yu Q, Liu J. Relation between chest CT
findings and clinical conditions of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
pneumonia: A multicenter study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020
May;214(5):1072-77.
- Liu K, Chen Y, Lin R, Han K. Clinical features of COVID-19 in elderly
patients: A comparison with young and middle-aged patients. J Infect.
2020;80(6):e14-e18. DOI: 10.1016/jjinf.2020.03.005.
- Bonifazi M, Mei F, Skrami E, Latini LL, Amico D, Balestro E, et al.
Predictors of worse prognosis in young and middle-aged adults
hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia: A multi-center Italian study
(COVID-UNDER50). J Clin Med. 2021;10(6):1218.
- Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and
risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan,
China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;
395(10229):1054-62.
- Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, Antonelli M, Cabrini L, Castelli
A, et al. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients
infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy region,
Italy. JAMA. 2020 Apr;323(16):1574-81.
- Özger HS, Aysert Yıldız P, Gaygısız Ü, Uğraş Dikmen A, Demirbaş Gülmez
Z, Yıldız M, et al. The factors predicting pneumonia in COVID-19
patients: preliminary results from a university hospital in Turkey.
Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50(8):1810-16.
- Jung HK, Kim JY, Lee MS, Lee JY, Park JS, Hyun M, et al.
Characteristics of COVID-19 patients who progress to pneumonia on
follow-up chest radiograph: 236 patients from a single isolated cohort
in Daegu, South Korea. Korean J Radiol. 2020;21(11):1265-72.
- Zheng Z, Peng F, Xu B, Zhao J, Liu H, Peng J, et al. Risk factors of
critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and
meta-analysis. J Infect. 2020;81(2):e16-e25.
- Zuin M, Rigatelli G, Zuliani G, Rigatelli A, Mazza A, Roncon L.
Arterial hypertension and risk of death in patients with COVID-19
infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect.
2020;81(1):e84-e86.
- Tian S, Hu N, Lou J, Chen K, Kang X, Xiang Z, et al. Characteristics
of COVID-19 infection in Beijing. J Infect. 2020;80(4):401-6.
- Kim GU, Kim MJ, Ra SH, Lee J, Bae S, Jung J, et al. Clinical
characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with mild
COVID-19. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;26(7):948.e1-948.e3.
- Ni YN, Wang T, Liang BM, Liang ZA. The independent factors associated
with oxygen therapy in COVID-19 patients under 65 years old. PLoS One.
2021;16(1):e0245690.
- Zhu YC, Tan L, Liu L, Li KZ, Qi WY, Hu X. Comparative analysis of
characteristics and medications between coronavirus disease 2019 and
severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clin Med J. 2020;18:15-23.
- Ming J, Hong W, Chunli S, Kun W. Literature review and research
overview of novel coronavirus pneumonia. Shanxi Med J. 2020;49:259-63.
- Zhang L, Yan X, Fan Q, Liu H, Liu X, Liu Z, et al. D-dimer levels on
admission to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19.
J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(6):1324-29.
- Itelman E, Wasserstrum Y, Segev A, Avaky C, Negru L, Cohen D, et al.
Clinical characterization of 162 COVID-19 patients in Israel:
Preliminary report from a large tertiary center. Isr Med Assoc J.
2020;22(5):271-74.
- Yodying H, Matsuda A, Miyashita M, Matsumoto S, Sakurazawa N, Yamada
M, et al. Prognostic significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in oncologic outcomes of esophageal
cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2016;
23(2): 646-54.
- Tanriverdi Z, Gungoren F, Tascanov MB, Besli F, Altiparmak IH.
Comparing the diagnostic value of the C-reactive protein to albumin
ratio with other inflammatory markers in patients with stable angina
pectoris. Angiology. 2020; 71(4):360-65.
- Deng Y, Liu W, Liu K, Fang YY, Shang J, Zhou L, et al. Clinical
characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease
2019 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study. Chin Med J (Engl).
2020;133(11):1261-67.
- Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical
characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel
coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA.
2020;323(11):1061-69.
- Taneri PE, Gómez-Ochoa SA, Llanaj E, Raguindin PF, Rojas LZ, Roa-Díaz
ZM, et al. Anemia and iron metabolism in COVID-19: a systematic review
and meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2020;35(8):763-73.
- Cobre AF, Stremel DP, Noleto GR, Fachi MM, Surek M, Wiens A, et al.
Diagnosis and prediction of COVID-19 severity: can biochemical tests
and machine learning be used as prognostic indicators? Comput Biol
Med. 2021;134:104531.
- Lippi G, Lavie CJ, Sanchis-Gomar F. Cardiac troponin I in patients
with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evidence from a
meta-analysis. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020; 63(3):390.
- Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features
of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China.
Lancet. 2020;395:497‐506.
- Paliogiannis P, Zinellu A. Bilirubin levels in patients with mild and
severe Covid‐19: A pooled analysis. Liver Int. 2020;40:1787‐88.
- Chen J, Qi T, Liu L, Ling Y, Qian Z, Li T, et al. Clinical progression
of patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai, China. J Infect.
2020;80(5):e1-e6.
- Bernheim A, Mei X, Huang M, Yang Y, Fayad ZA, Zhang N, et al. Chest CT
Findings in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Relationship to
duration of infection. Radiology. 2020;295(3):200463.
- Yoon SH, Lee KH, Kim JY, Lee YK, Ko H, Kim KH, et al. Chest
Radiographic and CT findings of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease
(covid-19): Analysis of nine patients treated in Korea. Korean J
Radiol. 2020;21(4):494-500.
Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 symptoms
of the study group according to the presence of pneumonia