RESULTS
Of the study group, 45.4% were female (n = 123), and the mean age was 46.48 ± 11.99 years. Pneumonia developed in 67.9% (n = 184) of the cases, with 54.9% (n = 101) of these being men and 25.0% (n = 46) were smokers. For the pneumonia group, the hospitalisation rate was 52.2%, and 9.8% (n = 18) required intensive care. A history of smoking, the presence of dyspnea, a need for intensive care, desaturation and hospitalisation were more frequent in those with pneumonia (p < 0.005, respectively). The sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19 symptoms of the study group according to the presence of pneumonia are presented in Table 1. Of those with pneumonia, 90.2% (n = 166) were using favipiravir, 53.3% (n = 98) were using hydroxychloroquine, 42.9% were using steroids and 44.6% were using non-specific antibiotics. Also, 22.3% (n = 41) of the patients with pneumonia had hypertension (HT), 21.2% (n = 39) had diabetes mellitus (DM), 10.9% had cardiac disease (n = 20), 6.5% had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 12) and 8.2% (n = 5) had asthma. Favipiravir, steroid and non-specific antibiotic use status and the presence of HT were detected more frequently in those with pneumonia (p < 0.005, respectively). The drug use and comorbidities of the study group according to the presence of pneumonia are presented in Table 2. Age in the pneumonia group was higher than in the non-pneumonia group (p < 0.001). When laboratory values were examined according to the presence of pneumonia in the study group, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, neutrophil percentage, LDH level and NLR and initial troponin, initial D-dimer, initial ferritin and initial CRP values were higher in the pneumonia group, whereas lymphocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, and albumin values were higher in the non-pneumonia group (p < 0.005, respectively). The study groups’ ages and laboratory values according to the presence of pneumonia are presented in Table 3. In the logistic regression analysis, when symptom and comorbidity status were examined according to the presence of pneumonia, dyspnea (OR: 2,370 95% CL: 1,187–4,730), hospitalisation (OR: 3,803 95% CL: 1,877–7,705) and HT (OR: 4,525 95% CL: 1,494–13,708) were the most important risk factors for pneumonia (Table 4). In the logistic regression analysis of the study group, when age and laboratory values were examined according to the presence of pneumonia, advanced age (OR: 1.042 95% CL: 1.01–1.073), low albumin (OR: 0.917 95% CL: 0.854–0.986) and high troponin (OR: 1.291 95% CL: 1.044–1.596) were identified as risk factors for pneumonia (see Table 5).