RESULTS
Of the study group, 45.4% were female (n = 123), and the mean age was
46.48 ± 11.99 years. Pneumonia developed in 67.9% (n = 184) of the
cases, with 54.9% (n = 101) of these being men and 25.0% (n = 46) were
smokers. For the pneumonia group, the hospitalisation rate was 52.2%,
and 9.8% (n = 18) required intensive care. A history of smoking, the
presence of dyspnea, a need for intensive care, desaturation and
hospitalisation were more frequent in those with pneumonia (p
< 0.005, respectively). The sociodemographic characteristics
and COVID-19 symptoms of the study group according to the presence of
pneumonia are presented in Table 1. Of those with pneumonia, 90.2% (n =
166) were using favipiravir, 53.3% (n = 98) were using
hydroxychloroquine, 42.9% were using steroids and 44.6% were using
non-specific antibiotics. Also, 22.3% (n = 41) of the patients with
pneumonia had hypertension (HT), 21.2% (n = 39) had diabetes mellitus
(DM), 10.9% had cardiac disease (n = 20), 6.5% had chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (n = 12) and 8.2% (n = 5) had asthma. Favipiravir,
steroid and non-specific antibiotic use status and the presence of HT
were detected more frequently in those with pneumonia (p <
0.005, respectively). The drug use and comorbidities of the study group
according to the presence of pneumonia are presented in Table 2. Age in
the pneumonia group was higher than in the non-pneumonia group (p
< 0.001). When laboratory values were examined according to
the presence of pneumonia in the study group, white blood cell count,
neutrophil count, neutrophil percentage, LDH level and NLR and initial
troponin, initial D-dimer, initial ferritin and initial CRP values were
higher in the pneumonia group, whereas lymphocyte count, lymphocyte
percentage, and albumin values were higher in the non-pneumonia group (p
< 0.005, respectively). The study groups’ ages and laboratory
values according to the presence of pneumonia are presented in Table 3.
In the logistic regression analysis, when symptom and comorbidity status
were examined according to the presence of pneumonia, dyspnea (OR: 2,370
95% CL: 1,187–4,730), hospitalisation (OR: 3,803 95% CL:
1,877–7,705) and HT (OR: 4,525 95% CL: 1,494–13,708) were the most
important risk factors for pneumonia (Table 4). In the logistic
regression analysis of the study group, when age and laboratory values
were examined according to the presence of pneumonia, advanced age (OR:
1.042 95% CL: 1.01–1.073), low albumin (OR: 0.917 95% CL:
0.854–0.986) and high troponin (OR: 1.291 95% CL: 1.044–1.596) were
identified as risk factors for pneumonia (see Table 5).