Figure legends
Figure 1. Flow diagram of patients enrollment and procedure.
Figure 2. Procedure details of ‘upgraded 2C3L’ approach. A. LA
voltage mapping before EI-VOM during AF; B. The upper panel shows the
course of VOM (white arrow), and the lower panel shows contrast staining
after ethanol infusion (surrounded by white dashed line); C. LA voltage
mapping shows the low-voltage area in the anterior and inferior left PVA
and in the upper MI; D. Shows the RF lesion sets. RF application is not
performed in the anterior and inferior left PVA and in the upper MI
(white dashed line). E. LA voltage after the completion of both EI-VOM
and RF ablation under sinus rhythm. LL: left lateral view; PA:
posterior-anterior view; RAO: right anterior oblique view; LA: left
atrium; EI-VOM: ethanol infusion into the vein of Marshall; AF: atrial
fibrillation; RF: radiofrequency; SR: sinus rhythm; PVA: pulmonary vein
antrum; MI: mitral isthmus.
Figure 3. Procedure details of ‘2C3L’ approach using RF energy
alone. A. LA voltage mapping before ablation during AF; B. Lesion sets
of initial ablation; C. LA voltage after initial ‘2C3L’ ablation during
AF, MI block was not achieved after cardioversion; D. Additional
ablation was further performed in the MI, left lateral ridge and CS to
achieve MI bidirectional block. E. LA voltage under sinus rhythm after
PVAI and bidirectional block across three ablation lines. LL: left
lateral view; PA: posterior-anterior view; LA: left atrium; AF: atrial
fibrillation; RF: radiofrequency; SR: sinus rhythm; CS: coronary sinus;
MI: mitral isthmus.
Figure 4. K-M curve showing survival free from AF/AT recurrence
with or without AAD in both groups