Characteristic |
Period of Exploration (1986-1996) |
Period of Implementation (1997-2003) |
Period of
Reassessment (2004-2019) |
Dominant sign toward the index study |
Affirmation |
Neutral |
Negation |
Attribution of the index study to the opioid crisis |
Not
attributed |
Not attributed |
Attributed |
Concern toward opioid risks |
Acknowledges the lack of
scientific evidence on the long-term effects of opioids |
Little concern
for long term effects of opioids |
Concern over the negative
consequences of opioids |
Motivation of research |
Better understand the benefits and
risks of opioids |
Gather evidence in support of opioid prescribing |
Reassess the negative consequences of opioids |