2.3. Coin cell assembly process
In the CM method, the anodes were brought face to face with Li foil for a period, then taken out and assembled in the full-cell configuration with the NMC622 cathodes. On the other hand, in EM treatment, the anodes were pre-lithiated by half-cell with lithium metal as counter electrode using the electrolyte of 1.2 M LiPF6 dissolved in EC: EMC (3:7, v/v) and a polypropylene separator (PP, Sigma-Aldrich) to achieve the pre-lithiation process. Then, these anodes were disassembled from half-cell and used again for matching in full-cell. All the steps were carried out in an Ar-controlled glovebox (MBRAUN, Germany). After the pre-lithiation process, these anodes were assembled in full-cell with NMC622 cathode material.