Figure Legends

Figure 1 Site locations for sites used to assess the short-term (site names with the GLAS prefix) and long-term (TH (unfenced) and TV (fenced) site name prefixes) efficacy of cattle exclusion.
Figure 2 Experimental design demonstrating how the PERMDISP routine was applied in this study. PERMDISP tests the hypothesis that dispersion among triangles (pre-fencing) is greater than dispersion among squares (post-fencing). The black lines (a) represent an approximation of the dispersion/z-scores. The barbed wire represents fencing (b).
Figure 3 Measures of dispersions (z scores) between masses of deposited sediment samples among control and pressure points during the pre-fencing and post-fencing period.
Figure 4 Mean deposited sediment levels (± SE) at control and pressure points prior to and following fencing across all sites. Letters (A and B) identify significant Treatment effects within a given Fencingperiod. Asterisks (* and **) identify significant Fencing effects within a given Treatment .
Figure 5 Measures of dispersions (z scores) among control and pressure macroinvertebrate samples during the pre-fencing and post-fencing period. Differing letters highlight where significant differences occur
Figure 6 PCO plots for macroinvertebrate community structure data (based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrices) for Site 1-8 (labelled a-h).PERMANOVA analysis of macroinvertebrate community abundance (structure) highlighted a significant Fencing/Treatment x Site interaction (F21,157=4.80, P=0.0002).
Figure 7 Total richness values (± SE) at control and pressure points during the pre-fencing and post-fencing period Significant differences between levels of the Treatment factor are designated by differing letters (A and B), while differences between levels of the Fencing factor are designated by differing numbers of asterisks’ (* and **).
Figure 8 EPT richness values (± SE) at control and pressure points during the pre-fencing and post-fencing period. Significant differences between levels of the Treatment factor are designated by differing letters (A and B), while differences between levels of the Fencing factor are designated by differing numbers of asterisks’ (* and **).
Figure 9 PCO plot of macroinvertebrate community structure data showing greater separation of pre-fencing control and pressure samples compared to post-fencing control and pressure samples.
Figure 10. Values of %E abundance and EPT richness for samples in the fenced (a and c) and control catchments (b and d).