2.8 Methods
In the domain of IS, two dominant methodologies have been used by researchers: Action Design Research and Design Science Research (Chatterjee & Hevner, 2010). These main research methods lack operational processes and decision support tools that are rigorous (Mandran & Dupuy-Chessa, 2018) with any fidelity that can be verified. For example, the problem with the extensive use of end-user characteristics is the lack of evaluative process to verify the validity of relevant qualitative data collection tools and whether the outcomes of such studies are generalizable. It is often said that quantitative research is a theory in search of data, while qualitative research is data in search of a theory. To improve system interactions with users, ISO9241210 has outlined three main user-centred design. They are requirement elicitation from users, which uses mainly qualitative data collection method; the design phase that develop systems in collaboration with users through workshops and focus groups; and the quantitative evaluation (experiment). The shortcoming of this user centred design is the lack of baseline to measure the impact of such systems. A baseline could be the established post-phase one of the user-centred design. As a result, an exploratory sequential mixed method, for example, prior to phase two to develop rigorous instrument to confirm the findings of phase one is very useful. This will improve the reliability of findings of the evaluative or experimental phase.