Thirty-five clusters of C. hainanense were formed, which resulted
in four independent clusters. Among these clusters, 13 samples from
Jianfengling (JFL_1-JFL_5) and BWL (BWL_1-BWL_8) populations with
similar genetic backgrounds, gathered to form cluster 1 (Figure 5). Six
samples of C. hainanense from Huishan (HS_1-HS_6) and Wuzhishan
(WZS_3) populations, with similar genetic backgrounds, clustered
together to form cluster 2. Thirteen samples of C. hainanensefrom Diaoluoshan (DLS_1-DLS_10) and Baishaling (BSL_1-BSL_3)
populations, with similar genetic backgrounds, clustered together to
form cluster 3. The C. hainanense from the Wuzhishan
(WZS_1-WZS_2) population was distant from the other three clusters,
showing relatively long genetic distances, and so formed a separate
cluster 4.
Figure 5 PCA analysis
diagram of C. hainanense
3.5 Analysis of the genetic relationship ofC.
hainanense
We calculated the relatedness between pairs of all samples based on the
SNPs (Figure 6). Kinship analysis reveals the genetic distance between
samples, aiding evolutionary analysis. In the kinship heatmap, redder
colors indicate closer kinship between individuals on the horizontal and
vertical axes. In contrast, a red heatmap among multiple individuals
suggests they may belong to a closely related family group. Conversely,
bluer colors indicate more distant kinship between individuals. In the
correlation heat map, the correlation coefficients of BSL_1 and BSL_2
were more outstanding than 0.4, indicating that the two samples of
Bawangling were very closely related to each other. The correlation
coefficients of Bawangling (BWL_1 and BWL_4), Hangluo Mountain (DLS_6
and DLS_9; DLS_7 and DLS_9; DLS_8 and DLS_10), and Huishan
(HS_1-HS_6) are just between 0.2 and 0.3, indicating that some genetic
exchange still exists between clusters in the case of geographical
isolation (Figure 6).