Evidence bases of shortlisted articles by topic (articles could be assigned more than one topic)
Further analysis allowed the above topics to be grouped into the following high-level themes for discussion:

Conclusion

There is no consistent framework to evaluate EMR implementation in Australia, making return on investment, and impacts on healthcare delivery difficult to define. Overall, Australia has answered the call to arms to increase their evidence base. However, given the complexity designing and executing research in this field, the quality and quantity of available evidence may not be sufficient to drive policy reform or recommendations for future evaluation strategies, since most of the evidence is qualitative. The evidence captured in this scoping review generally supports EMR implementation, demonstrating benefits such as improved efficiency, safety and patient outcome; though is constrained by research based on various EMR systems in different settings and among different user groups. The use of validated, standardized evaluation tools such as WOMBAT, STAMP and NuHISS is advocated to ensure consistency and reliability in future evaluations.