(a) The standard deviations are based on measurements of over at least ten independent devices.
As shown in Figure 2a and 2b , when the SqP method is used, the devices exhibit higher external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) in the 600-800 nm range compared to the BC devices. As a result, the EQE integrated current density of the devices increased from 23.7 mA/cm² to 25.0 mA/cm² when the SqP method was employed in the PJ1 system. From the perspective of additives, the addition of the SA also contributes to a general improvement in efficiency compared to the SA-free binary devices. As shown in Table 1 , the greatest improvement in device performance is about 0.8% between the (BC) PM6/PYF-T-o +SA and (BC) PM6/PYF-T-o devices. Such improvement by the applying of SA is also demonstrated in (SqP)PM6/PJ1-γ +SA, (BC)PM6:PJ1-γ +SA devices and (SqP)PM6/PYF-T-o +SA devices, compared to their corresponding devices without the SA.