Cell cultures and treatment
BV2 microglia or SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM, Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% streptomycin/penicillin. BV2 and SH-SY5Y were both cultured in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37oC. BV2 were pretreated with luteolin (40 μM) or saline solution for 3h after which BV2 were treated with either LPS (1 μg/ml) or saline (control) for 12h. For establishing the co-culture system, SH-SY5Y was incubated in a 24-well plate for 48h, BV2 was then transferred to a 0.4 μm pore-sized Transwell insert and co-cultured with SH-SY5Y (SH-SY5Y: BV2 = 2:1) for another 48h.