Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This was a
single-center prospective
observational study approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Board.
Signed
informed consent was obtained from all Participants.
Consent for publication: the manuscript doesn’t contain any
individual person’s data in
any form.
Availability of data and material: The datasets generated during
and/or analyzed during
the current study are available from the corresponding author on
reasonable request.
Funding : The author(s) received no financial support for the
research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no
competing interests
Authors’ contributions: LS carried out the conceptualization and
the data curation. GBH
participated in the collection of the data and the recruitment of
participants. SC helped in
writing and reviewing the draft. IBZ participated in the design and the
review of the study.
AI participated in study design and coordination. LS participated in
study design and
coordination. EH participated in the design of the study and performed
the statistical
analysis. LL conceived of the study, and supervised its coordination.
All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Acknowledgements: Not applicable
References
1. Luo C, Yao L, Zhang L, et al. Possible Transmission of Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a Public Bath Center
in Huai’an, Jiangsu Province, China. JAMA Netw Open.2020;3(3):e204583.
2. MacIntyre CR, Chughtai AA, Rahman B, et al. The efficacy of medical
masks and respirators against respiratory infection in healthcare
workers. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2017;11(6):511-517.
3. MacIntyre CR, Wang Q, Rahman B, et al. Efficacy of face masks and
respirators in preventing upper respiratory tract bacterial colonization
and co-infection in hospital healthcare workers - authors’ reply.Prev Med. 2014;65:154.
4. Smith JD, MacDougall CC, Johnstone J, Copes RA, Schwartz B, Garber
GE. Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks in protecting
health care workers from acute respiratory infection: a systematic
review and meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2016;188(8):567-574.
5. Ramirez-Moreno JM, Ceberino D, Gonzalez Plata A, et al.
Mask-associated ’de novo’ headache in healthcare workers during the
COVID-19 pandemic. Occup Environ Med. 2020.
6. Hua W, Zuo Y, Wan R, et al. Short-term skin reactions following use
of N95 respirators and medical masks. Contact Dermatitis.2020;83(2):115-121.
7. Scheid JL, Lupien SP, Ford GS, West SL. Commentary: Physiological and
Psychological Impact of Face Mask Usage during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(18).
8. Kao TW, Huang KC, Huang YL, Tsai TJ, Hsieh BS, Wu MS. The
physiological impact of wearing an N95 mask during hemodialysis as a
precaution against SARS in patients with end-stage renal disease.J Formos Med Assoc. 2004;103(8):624-628.
9. Hopkins SR, Dominelli PB, Davis CK, et al. Facemasks and the
Cardiorespiratory Response to Physical Activity in Health and Disease.Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2020.
10. Rebmann T, Carrico R, Wang J. Physiologic and other effects and
compliance with long-term respirator use among medical intensive care
unit nurses. Am J Infect Control. 2013;41(12):1218-1223.
11. Epstein D, Korytny A, Isenberg Y, et al. Return to training in the
COVID-19 era: The physiological effects of face masks during exercise.Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2021;31(1):70-75.
12. Roberge RJ, Coca A, Williams WJ, Powell JB, Palmiero AJ.
Physiological impact of the N95 filtering facepiece respirator on
healthcare workers. Respir Care. 2010;55(5):569-577.
13. Kimura H, Ota H, Kimura Y, Takasawa S. Effects of Intermittent
Hypoxia on Pulmonary Vascular and Systemic Diseases. Int J Environ
Res Public Health. 2019;16(17).
14. Zhou J, Bai W, Liu Q, Cui J, Zhang W. Intermittent Hypoxia Enhances
THP-1 Monocyte Adhesion and Chemotaxis and Promotes M1 Macrophage
Polarization via RAGE. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:1650456.
15. Tavakol K, Ghahramanpoori B, Fararouei M. Prediction of Arterial
Blood pH and Partial Pressure of Carbon dioxide from Venous Blood
Samples in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation. J Med
Signals Sens. 2013;3(3):180-184.
16. Byrne AL, Bennett M, Chatterji R, Symons R, Pace NL, Thomas PS.
Peripheral venous and arterial blood gas analysis in adults: are they
comparable? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Respirology.2014;19(2):168-175.