Anti-allergic drugs Key mechanisms of action   Potencial side effect Applicable diseases
Corticosteroids Bind glucocorticoids receptors (GR)and exert profound immune-modulatory actions Inhibit the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, skin atrophy, osteoporosis, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, immunosuppression Allergic asthma, contact dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, drug and food allergies
Antihistamines Block histamine H1 receptor and inhibit the inflammatory response mediated by adhesion molecules Drowsiness, arrhythmia, liver toxicity, gastrointestinal reaction Allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis,contact dermatitis and food allergy
β2-adrenergic agonists
Activate β2 receptors to relax smooth muscles, increase mucociliary clearance, and reduce vascular permeability
Tachycardia, hypokalemia
Allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis
Anticholinergics Promote relaxation of airway smooth muscle Thick sputum, blurred vision Allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis
Theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine) Inhibit non-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) and antagonizes adenosine receptors Palpitations, headaches, vomiting Allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis
Antileukotrienes Inhibition of leukotriene receptors Headache, rash, nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia Allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis
Trx1 Antioxidation, inhibit macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), regulate Th1/Th2 immune balance, modulate allergic inflammatory cells, and suppress complement activation Not found yet Allergic asthma, contact dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, drug and food allergies