Study characteristics
2746 records were identified, of which 171 were assessed for eligibility based on title and abstract; 47 articles met the inclusion criteria (see figure 1 flow diagram and table S1 excluded studies). These articles describe 35 different trials, published between 2000 and 2021. Depression was the most common studied mental disorder (k = 23), followed by a combination of depression and anxiety (k = 5), insomnia (k = 3) and tocophobia (k = 3). One study (k = 1) focused on a variety of psychiatric and personality disorders. Of all studies, 16 included women with a combination of psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial risk factors (e.g., low socio-economic status, deprived area). CBT (k = 15) and IPT (k = 6) were the most studied interventions. Other interventions studied more than once were psychoeducation (k = 4), mindfulness-based therapy (k = 4) and multicomponent therapy (k = 2). There were no studies on pharmacotherapy only. A considerable part of the interventions (k = 15) was provided to groups of women. The number of sessions varied between 2 to 16 sessions, which were mostly provided once a week.