5 CONCLUSIONS
In this study, we present the first exploration of the genetic structure
of L. spadiceus in the SCS. The mtDNA sequence analysis of
specimens from the SCS revealed no significant genetic differentiation
among sampling sites, with low F st values
indicating genetic homogeneity, which probably reflected widespread and
recent historical interconnections during the post-glaciation. Hainan
Island and Leizhou Peninsula had no effect on gene flow of L.
spadiceus in the SCS. In its demographic history, it experienced a low
effective population size during the Quaternary period that increased
sharply after the last glacial maximum (LGM). The phylogeographic
pattern of L. spadiceus may be attributed to past population
expansion and long-distance larval dispersal facilitated by present-day
ocean currents. Given the maternally inherited characteristics of mtDNA,
which cannot accurately provide the overall population structure. To
gain a better understanding of the population structure of L.
spadiceus , further investigation using more precise nuclear genetic
markers like microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms is
needed. These markers would help determine more accurate and refined
management units, which can then inform the development of an effective
management policy.